4 형식
S(주어) + V(타동사) + IO(간접 목적어) +DO(직접 목적어)
주어 + 타동사 + 간접 목적어(~에게) + 직접목적어(을, 를) 이것이 4 형식입니다. 여기에 나오는 동사를 흔히 '수여동사'라고 부릅니다. 아~~! 오랜만에 들어봅니다. 그런데 말이지요, IO(~에게 목적어)는 어떤 것이 올 수 있느냐면, 사람이나 생물들이 올 수 있습니다. ‘김씨에게, 혹은 바둑이에게’라고는 할 수 있지만, 무생물인 냉장고에게, 아이스크림에게는 쓸 수 없는 것입니다. 그런데 이 수여동사는 IO(~에게 목적어)와 DO(~을,를 목적어) 순서로 쓰일 때만 사용할 수 있다는 것입니다.
She gave him the book.
They bought their children new toys.
The teacher assigned the students a challenging project.
He sent his friend a thoughtful gift.
The company offered its employees a generous bonus.
The chef cooked the guests a delicious meal.
The doctor prescribed the patient some medication.
The professor showed his students a difficult problem.
The coach taught the players new strategies.
The waiter brought the customers their meals.
The artist painted his wife a beautiful portrait.
She baked her friends a batch of cookies.
The company gave its investors a positive report.
He promised his girlfriend a romantic getaway.
The teacher taught the class a difficult concept.
The architect designed his client a stunning building.
The parent read the child a bedtime story.
The boss assigned the employees a new task.
The author wrote his editor a long email.
The nurse brought the patient a warm blanket.


- The principal is going to award the prize to the student who scored the highest marks in the exam.
- Can you please bring some snacks to the party tonight?
- The company had to deny the request to extend the deadline for the project.
- I am going to feed the cat some fish for dinner.
- Jane is going to give a present to her friend for her birthday.
- Can you please hand the book to me when you're finished reading it?
- Sarah has agreed to lend her car to me for the weekend.
- I am going to offer some help to my friend who is moving to a new apartment.
- I still owe some money to the bank for the loan I took out last year.
- The teacher is going to pass out the test papers to the students.
- I promise to be there for you when you need me.
- Can you please read the story to me before bedtime?
- The company is going to sell the new product to customers online.
- I am going to send a postcard to my grandparents while on vacation.
- The guide is going to show us around the city to see the famous landmarks.
- I am going to take my dog to the park for a walk.
- The professor is going to teach a new course to the students this semester.
- Can you please tell me the way to the nearest bus stop?
- My friend is going to throw a party for his graduation next week.
- I am going to write a letter to my pen pal who lives in another country.
또한 'bake, build, buy, cook, design, do, get, find, hire, make, save, write' 등의 동사는 3 형식으로 바뀔 때 to가 아닌 ~를 위해 해준다는 for를 사용하는데, to의 의미차이도별로 없지만, 다음의 개념이 있어야 이해하시는데, 고개를 끄덕일 수 있습니다. 서양은 개인주의 사회임을 우리는 알아야 for를 이해할 수 있습니다. 왜냐하면, 우리나라는 이웃끼리도 잘 나눠먹고, 친구를 위해 기꺼이 그림도 그려주고, 편지도 써주고, 요리도 해주며, 빵도 굽는 게 어찌 보면 당연한 일인데, 서양 친구들은 그냥 누구누구에게 아무런 대가를 주지 않고 그냥 돕는 것이 이해가 안 가는 것입니다. 그래서 ~에게 그냥 주는 것이 아니라, 정말 의미를 담아 ~를 위해서 해줘야만 이해를 할 수 있게 되는 것입니다. 한마디로 생색내기입니다. 헐~~~! 그런 면에선 우리나라는 정이 있고 이웃을 아끼는 문화가 아직까지 잘 남아 있는 나라입니다.
- Mary (is going to) bake a cake for the party tonight.
- Mark (is planning to) build a new shed for his tools in the backyard.
- I (am going to) buy a new laptop for my upcoming classes.
- Mom (is) cooking dinner for the whole family tonight.
- I hired a web designer to design a new website for my business.
- Sarah needs to do some research for her paper that's due next week.
- John is going to get some flowers for his girlfriend's birthday.
- Tom is trying to find a good deal for a new car.
- The company is hiring a new employee for the marketing department.
- Emily is going to make a dress for her sister's wedding.
- Jack is saving money for a trip to Japan next year.
- Susan is writing a letter for her friend who is going through a tough time.
그리고 마지막으로 한 가지 더 남았습니다. 바로 'of'입니다. ask, beg, inquire, require 등의 동사는 목적어 다음에 of를 쓰게 되는데, 이 of는 두 명사 사이의 관계 및 소유를 나타내고 있습니다. 따라서 ‘~의’ 정도의 의미를 가지고 있으며 때에 따라‘~에’의 느낌을 품기도 합니다. 옛날 선생님들께선 설명대신 무조건 외우라고 하셨던 기억이 가물가물 합니다. ^^
- I am going to ask a favor of my neighbor to borrow his lawnmower.
- The homeless man on the street corner begged for a few dollars of the passersby.
- The customer inquired of the salesperson about the availability of the product in another color.
- The teacher required a report of each student at the end of the semester.
'영어문법' 카테고리의 다른 글
영어에 '~동안'을 다 따로 불러야 되는 거예요? 왜요! ㅠㅜ (0) | 2023.03.12 |
---|---|
본격적으로 문법을 배워 봅시다! - 4 탄 (0) | 2023.02.24 |
부정사, 동명사, 분사, 분사 구문 등을 이해하기 전에 1 (2) | 2023.02.23 |
본격적으로 문법을 배워 봅시다! - 2탄 (0) | 2023.02.21 |
본격적으로 문법을 배워 봅시다! - 1탄 (2) | 2023.02.21 |